James Conant, Harvard's president from 1933 to 1955, was a key figure in the Manhattan Project, managing the delicate balance between scientists and the military.
In 1951, 1952, and again in 1955, he worked as a consultant for the Psychological Strategy Board and its successor, the Operations Coordinating Board.
Ansel Talbert wrote an article for the New York Herald Tribune in November of 1955, while Gray was president of the University of North Carolina.
In 1955, Kissinger started to write critically of Eisenhower's nuclear strategy of massive retaliation.
In 1955, Kissinger was invited to direct a council on foreign relations study group on nuclear war and foreign policy.